Preventing excavation hazard common trenching and excavation hazards soil classifications exercises certificates agenda 5 introduction to osha overview of antiretaliation provisions, employee rights, employer responsibilities, whistleblower laws, and. Seek ideas from observing similar work being performed and discuss with employees. Shall conduct soil classification tests utilizing both visual and manual tests as. Preventing accidents in excavations planning prioritising decisions and managing risks links manager worker 1 ensure that excavations are made safe, by trench supports, battering back, fencing or other equally effective measures 2 be aware that there is no safe minimum depth of excavation 3 provide training for your staff which highlights. Ingestion via mouth into the gastrointestinal system.
Other excavation hazards include water accumulation. Write the program to reflect the unique characteristics of the job site. Sloping sloping system a method of protecting employees from caveins by excavating to form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation to a safe angle of repose. Guide for safety with underground services pdf 349 kb. Nature of subsoil affect type of machine used and the necessity of soil protection. Excavation procedure for foundation construction requires site clearance, setting out, excavation and safety measures based on depth of excavation. A competent person must conduct visual and manual soil tests before anyone enters.
If people are working in the excavation, the excavation may present hazards with confined spaces. Comparing theoretical values with experimental and realworld results, mechanical excavation in mining and civil industries thoroughly explains vari. Before work on an excavation can begin, surface hazards such as unstable buildings, sidewalks, etc. Trench collapses kill an average of two workers every month, making this a serious threat to worker.
Requirements of the standard the standard covering excavation safety is title 29 code of federal regulations, part 1926. Excavation safety environmental, health and safety. Recommend safe procedures for each potential hazard, discuss what employees should do or not to do to avoid an accident. Before the excavation for the proposed foundation is commenced, the site shall be cleared of vegetation, brushwood, stumps of trees etc. Excavation in most situations nowadays is done by mechanical means. Excavation hazards affects and prevention measures 1. The uspl excavation permit is compliant with both bp ground.
Hazards below the ground must also be identified and made safe before work can begin. The most common hazard associated with trenching or excavation work is a cavein, according to the american federation of state, county and municipal employees. The occupational safety and health administration s osha excavation standards, 29 code of federal regulations cfr part 1926, subpart p, contain requirements for excavation and trenching operations. Study 26 terms excavations osha flashcards quizlet.
Digging with precision and safety, from page 6 drilling mud removal heavy clay soil water shutoff repair low water usage. Excavation safety training and procedures prevent serious injuries and accidents. Recognize and use the osha regulations that relate to excavation and trenching. Distribution pipeline incident summary by cause 11201112312011 hydro excavation. Spoils, materials, and equipment set back at least two feet from the edge of the excavation. There are number of hazards which may be encountered in excavations of pits up to 3m depths. Being buried alive is just one of the hazards of excavation. This includes identifying any hazards and discussing the safest way to complete the job while keeping the bnl populace safe and out of harms way. However, many of these workers perform rigging as a part of their regular work routine. There are different types of soil excavation tools and machines used in construction. Mechanical excavation in mining and civil industries bilgin, nuh, copur, hanifi, balci, cemal on. A competent person is responsible to inspect the excavation.
Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control not standards. The types of excavation equipment to be used in an excavation project depend on the scope of work and construction site. The cdm 2015 regulations makes the following definition. Excavation of soil is necessary in construction point of view and it should be done by hand tools or machineries based on the area of the land or depth of excavation. Short, deputy chairman, hazards in construction conference committee. This program covers only 9the general requirements of excavation safety. Lines, and in the gas technology institutes vacuum excavation best practices guide, the following are some common hazards and best practices for hydrovac usage. A copy of the complete standard is found in appendix a of this workbook. Shoring and bracing system shall be used whenever required to protect adjacent structure if any, in an excavation site or when the excavation side slope is steeper than those mention. When mechanical haulage is used in small drives or manholes, excavate. The critical safety components of mechanical elevating and rotating equipment shall receive a thorough visual inspection before use on each shift. Mechanical plant, vehicles, storage of materials including excavated material or any other.
The amount of chemical exposure is critical in determining hazardous effects. Osha regulations set out basic safety rules to protect workers in excavations. Excavations present a wide range of deadly hazards. Employees can be protected through sloping, shielding, and shoring the excavation. Project information excavation depth hazards and controls entry authorization. Employees protected from loose rock or soil that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling into the excavation. Abcs of construction site safety is an oregon osha standards and technical resources section publication. General safety in excavation hazards in construction. Working in excavations is an extremely dangerous operation which can be made safe by an awareness of the hazards and the precautions to be taken and careful management of the process. Define the important words that relate to excavation and trenching. Take photos of excavation hazards, schedule inspections for your officials in the field, and generate pdf reports in real time. Osha says no matter how deep the excavation is, a competent person. This checklist covers a wide variety of workplace safety and health hazards. Nowadays, mechanical excavation of trenches is almost universal except for very shallow work, and its essential feature is the use of a backacting trencher which cannot work between the strutted supports of a trench.
Excavation assessment form instructions virginia tech. Mechanical excavation in mining and civil industries crc. Excavations more than 4 feet in depth must have a way to get in and out, usually a ladder, for every 25 feet of horizontal travel. Module 3 excavation and trenching at the end of this module, you will be able to cite facts relating to excavation and trenching injuries. All of the topics covered in this checklist may not apply to your particular workplace. Mechanical safety rules and policies in effect at 0001 central, mountain and pacific continental time sunday, october 31, 2004 bnsf safety vision we believe every accident or injury is preventable. In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains.
Introduction to trenching and excavation hazards what is trenching. However, the exact method to be adopted still depends upon a number of factors. Some of the injuries that can occur as a result of mechanical hazards are as follows. These injuries may range in severity from a minor cut or bruise, through various degrees of wounding and disabling mutilation, to crushing, decapitation or another fatal injury.
The excavation safety university video series is designed to provide practical information to help viewers become more effective in their jobs. By the process of excavation, the land is cleaned from tree roots, strums, organic impurities. Perform a worksite analysis to find hazards that could cause an excavation or trenching injury. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and control is made up of the following steps. The secret to streamlined scheduling of mining and civil engineering projects is a solid understanding of the basic concepts of rock cutting mechanics. Pdf a study on potential physical hazards at construction sites.
Pits up to three meters may be excavated for testing subsurface soil, monitoring water table, foundation construction etc. Physical hazards include compressed gases, explosives, flammables, organic peroxides, oxidizers, and unstable reactive agents. The study determine twelve 12 major groups of hazards in relation to works at construction sites such as power access equipment, ladder, roof work, manual handling, plant and machinery. Such a site excavation concerns itself with a specific archaeological site or a connected series of sites, and may be conducted over as little as several weeks to over a number of years. Sloping shoring shielding and attach diagram with dimensions. These are machines and other movable devices that may cause harm to the body.
An excavation is any manmade cut, cavity, hole, trench, or depression made in the earths surface by the removal of soil. Have competent person inspect excavation before work starts every day and as often as necessary during the shift or after a rain storm. Caveins pose the greatest risk and are more likely than some other excavation related incidents to result in worker fatalities. The excavation equipment to be used can either be utilised for some situations or can be a particular type which meets the requirements of the given project. Daily excavation safety inspections should be conducted during project works. Soil classification introduction this section will provide information on soil mechanics. A tunnel is a long, narrow, essentially linear excavated underground opening, the length of which greatly exceeds its width or height.
Following the safety measures listed in this publication and not taking shortcuts will make a dangerous job safer. Verify operators credentials must be qualified on equipment they will run. Method statement for excavation compaction and backfilling. The department of labor does not endorse, takes no responsibility for, and exercises no control over the linked organization or its views, or contents, nor does it vouch for the accuracy or accessibility of the information contained on the destination server. There are about seven deaths each year due to work in excavations. Identifying the hazards determine what type of safeguards or alternative system of work.
This project is intended to identify and highlight the common hazards at construction sites today. People at risk of being caught in a cavein include workers who repair. Various types of excavation equipment use on construction site. Excavationany manmade cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal. Swamper and operator must maintain eye contact at all times. Hazard assessment checklist the following checklist can be used to identify and evaluate hazards in your workplace. Trenching and excavation safety document revision date css12 1 june 2019.
Mechanical machinery hazards most machinery has the potential to cause injury to people, and machinery accidents figure prominently in official accident statistics. Safety factors for excavations at construction sites. Caveins pose the greatest risk and are more likely than some other excavationrelated incidents to result in worker fatalities. Safety procedures and best practices for hydrovac equipment. A structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent caveins. There is a specialized group of physical hazards which are the mechanical hazards. Potential hazards or accidents question each step for the potential causes of accidents. The data collection was carried out through site investigation using a checklist forms and.
Critical safety components of mechanical elevating and rotating equipment are components for which failure would result in free fall or free rotation of the boom. If an excavation is more than 5 feet in depth, there must be a protective system in place while workers are in the excavation. Excavation safety standard operating procedures summary. The mechanical machinery hazards mechanical safety. Since then, osha has amended the standard several times to increase worker protection and to reduce the frequency and severity of excavation accidents and injuries. Many types of soil, such as clays, are selfsupporting but others, such as sands and gravel, are not many excavations collapse without any warning, resulting in death or serious injury. Excavations this presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting osha 10hour construction industry outreach training for workers. Historical perspective hydro excavation as we know it today. Trenching and excavation safety occupational safety and. Roots of the trees shall be removed to at least 30 cm below. Will the excavation be greater than five feet in depth. It can be defined as any condition produced by or in industries that may cause injury or death to personal or loss of product or property. Prior to carrying out excavation or boring projects, gas lines must be marked and identified with paint.
Types of soil excavation tools and machines in construction. Common hazards and descriptions hazards hazard descriptions. An open cut type of excavation shall be applied with safe side slopes. The speed of an excavation collapse increases the risk associated with this type of work. Inspections of the equipment, prior to operating, are the responsibility of the equipment owneroperator and are done daily and in accordance with osha requirements. Employers and workers must design and support excavations and trenches properly in order to protect themselves. The occupational safety and health administration issued its first excavation and trenching standard in 1971 to protect workers from excavation hazards. Damage prevention toolbox excavation job planning rev. Videos are professionally developed and presented by individuals who have years of onthejob training experience. Trenching and excavation safety 1 introduction excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous construction operations. Workers in excavations can be exposed to caveins, engulfment, hazardous atmospheres, and falls. Common hazards and descriptions hazards hazard descriptions chemical toxic a chemical that exposes a person by absorption through the skin, inhalation, or through the bloodstream that causes illness, disease, or death. Excavation safety excavation university excavation safety university video series. Routes of entry the main routes of entry of the chemicals into the human body are.
Vacuum excavation requires two non mechanical sources. Excavation procedure for foundation setting out, safety. An effective program includes provisions for the systematic identification, evaluation and prevention or control of general workplace hazards, specific job hazards and potential hazards that may arise from foreseeable conditions. A guide to safe excavation practices in massachusetts, maine, new hampshire. Alternative excavation methods are required for the following conditions. An excavation greater than or equal to 4 feet in depth with limited means of entry and exit is considered a confined space by bp group standards. Identify practices at your work that protect you from excavation and trenching injuries. Instructions for completing the excavation assessment form doc pdf are provided below. Preventing accidents in excavations health and safety. Mar 21, 2018 mechanical machinery hazards most machinery has the potential to cause injury to people, and machinery accidents figure prominently in official accident statistics. Rigging safety guide forward experienced mechanical construction and service workers are experts in pipefitting, plumbing, or mechanical service work, but not necessarily in rigging. Great care should be taken to ensure that mechanical means of digging are not. Excavation hazard related topics safety matters health. Thank you for visiting our website you are exiting the department of labors web server.